"""
Decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary
independently.
"""

import abc


class Abstraction:
    """
    Define the abstraction's interface.
    Maintain a reference to an object of type Implementor.
    """

    def __init__(self, imp):
        self._imp = imp

    def operation(self):
        self._imp.operation_imp()


class Implementor(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
    """
    Define the interface for implementation classes. This interface
    doesn't have to correspond exactly to Abstraction's interface; in
    fact the two interfaces can be quite different. Typically the
    Implementor interface provides only primitive operations, and
    Abstraction defines higher-level operations based on these
    primitives.
    """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def operation_imp(self):
        pass


class ConcreteImplementorA(Implementor):
    """
    Implement the Implementor interface and define its concrete
    implementation.
    """

    def operation_imp(self):
        pass


class ConcreteImplementorB(Implementor):
    """
    Implement the Implementor interface and define its concrete
    implementation.
    """

    def operation_imp(self):
        pass


def main():
    concrete_implementor_a = ConcreteImplementorA()
    abstraction = Abstraction(concrete_implementor_a)
    abstraction.operation()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()    	
    	

    	
    		
abstract class BridgeBook {     
    private $bbAuthor;
    private $bbTitle;
    private $bbImp;
    function __construct($author_in, $title_in, $choice_in) {
      $this->bbAuthor = $author_in;
      $this->bbTitle  = $title_in;
      if ('STARS' == $choice_in) {
        $this->bbImp = new BridgeBookStarsImp();
      } else {
        $this->bbImp = new BridgeBookCapsImp();
      }
    }    
    function showAuthor() {
      return $this->bbImp->showAuthor($this->bbAuthor);
    }
    function showTitle() {
      return $this->bbImp->showTitle($this->bbTitle);
    }
}
 
class BridgeBookAuthorTitle extends BridgeBook {    
    function showAuthorTitle() {
      return $this->showAuthor() . "'s " . $this->showTitle();
    }
}  
 
class BridgeBookTitleAuthor extends BridgeBook {    
    function showTitleAuthor() {
      return $this->showTitle() . ' by ' . $this->showAuthor();
    }
}
 
abstract class BridgeBookImp {    
    abstract function showAuthor($author);
    abstract function showTitle($title);
}

class BridgeBookCapsImp extends BridgeBookImp {    
    function showAuthor($author_in) {
      return strtoupper($author_in); 
    }
    function showTitle($title_in) {
      return strtoupper($title_in); 
    }
}

class BridgeBookStarsImp extends BridgeBookImp {    
    function showAuthor($author_in) {
      return Str_replace(" ","*",$author_in); 
    }
    function showTitle($title_in) {
      return Str_replace(" ","*",$title_in); 
    }
}

  writeln('BEGIN TESTING BRIDGE PATTERN');
  writeln('');
 
  writeln('test 1 - author title with caps');
  $book = new BridgeBookAuthorTitle('Larry Truett','PHP for Cats','CAPS');
  writeln($book->showAuthorTitle());
  writeln('');

  writeln('test 2 - author title with stars');
  $book = new BridgeBookAuthorTitle('Larry Truett','PHP for Cats','STARS');
  writeln($book->showAuthorTitle());
  writeln('');

  writeln('test 3 - title author with caps');
  $book = new BridgeBookTitleAuthor('Larry Truett','PHP for Cats','CAPS');
  writeln($book->showTitleAuthor());
  writeln('');

  writeln('test 4 - title author with stars');
  $book = new BridgeBookTitleAuthor('Larry Truett','PHP for Cats','STARS');
  writeln($book->showTitleAuthor());
  writeln('');

  writeln('END TESTING BRIDGE PATTERN');

  function writeln($line_in) {
    echo $line_in."
";
  }    	
    	

    	
    		
class Node {
    public int value;
    public Node prev, next;

    public Node(int i) {
        value = i;
    }
}

class Stack {
    private StackImpl impl;

    public Stack( String s ) {
        if (s.equals("array")) {
            impl = new StackArray();
        } else if (s.equals("list")) {
            impl = new StackList();
        } else {
            System.out.println("Stack: unknown parameter");
        }
    }

    public Stack() {
        this("array");
    }

    public void push(int in) {
        impl.push( in );
    }

    public int pop() {
        return impl.pop();
    }

    public int top() {
        return impl.top();
    }

    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return impl.isEmpty();
    }

    public boolean isFull() {
        return impl.isFull();
    }
}

class StackHanoi extends Stack {
    private int totalRejected = 0;

    public StackHanoi() {
        super("array");
    }

    public StackHanoi(String s) {
        super(s);
    }

    public int reportRejected() {
        return totalRejected;
    }

    public void push(int in) {
        if (!isEmpty() && in > top()) {
            totalRejected++;
        }
        else {
            super.push(in);
        }
    }
}

class StackFIFO extends Stack {
    private StackImpl stackImpl = new StackList();

    public StackFIFO() {
        super("array");
    }

    public StackFIFO(String s) {
        super(s);
    }

    public int pop() {
        while (!isEmpty()) {
            stackImpl.push(super.pop());
        }
        int ret = stackImpl.pop();
        while (!stackImpl.isEmpty()) {
            push(stackImpl.pop());
        }
        return ret;
    }
}

interface StackImpl {
    void push(int i);
    int pop();
    int top();
    boolean isEmpty();
    boolean isFull();
}

class StackArray implements StackImpl {
    private int[] items;
    private int total = -1;

    public StackArray() {
        this.items = new int[12];
    }

    public StackArray(int cells) {
        this.items = new int[cells];
    }

    public void push(int i) {
        if (!isFull()) {
            items[++total] = i;
        }
    }

    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return total == -1;
    }

    public boolean isFull() {
        return total == items.length - 1;
    }

    public int top() {
        if (isEmpty()) {
            return -1;
        }
        return items[total];
    }

    public int pop() {
        if (isEmpty()) {
            return -1;
        }
        return items[total--];
    }
}

class StackList implements StackImpl {
    private Node last;

    public void push(int i) {
        if (last == null) {
            last = new Node(i);
        } else {
            last.next = new Node(i);
            last.next.prev = last;
            last = last.next;
        }
    }

    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return last == null;
    }

    public boolean isFull() {
        return false;
    }

    public int top() {
        if (isEmpty()) {
            return -1;
        }
        return last.value;
    }

    public int pop() {
        if (isEmpty()) {
            return -1;
        }
        int ret = last.value;
        last = last.prev;
        return ret;
    }
}

public class BridgeDisk {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Stack[] stacks = {new Stack("array"), new Stack("list"),
                new StackFIFO(), new StackHanoi()};
        for (int i=1, num; i < 15; i++) {
            for (int j=0; j < 3; j++) {
                stacks[j].push( i );
            }
        }
        Random rn = new Random();
        for (int i=1, num; i < 15; i++) {
            stacks[3].push(rn.nextInt(20));
        }
        for (int i=0, num; i < stacks.length; i++) {
            while (!stacks[i].isEmpty()) {
                System.out.print(stacks[i].pop() + "  ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
        System.out.println("total rejected is " + ((StackHanoi)stacks[3]).reportRejected());
    }
}